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Post by johntel on Dec 27, 2022 12:25:36 GMT
Not sure if this British company has been mentioned here - firstlightfusion.com/Sabine Hossenfelder seems to rate them. |
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Dec 28, 2022 23:17:22 GMT
The return of 'warm windig' weather for NW Europe has seen gas prices drop even further - now below 1/4 of the Aug peak for Jan'23 contract and down around 50% from the start of the month: Attachment Deletedwww.barchart.com/futures/quotes/NFF23/overviewLonger dated contracts have also dropped significantly and are more important for 'new' hedging and the ££ taxpayer cost of the EPG (Energy Price Guarantee). At current futures prices, the Ofgem Energy Price Cap for late'23 - Apr'24 would be below the EPG of £3,000 for that period*, adjusted for a 10%ish drop in 'typical household' demand. As well as good news for the public finances then the 'delayed' inflation impact of the EPG would also fall away and BoE should notice that (although Sonia futures prices still price in a further 1% hike in rates). * Which should mean Hunt can announce it is no longer needed and will have quite a chunk of change left over from the OBR et al estimate of the cost. |
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c-a-r-f-r-e-w
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Dec 29, 2022 19:40:55 GMT
“Britain exported more electricity to Europe than ever before this year while wind and solar generation hit all-time highs, according to the first analysis of the year’s power mix.
The energy crisis in Europe prompted by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and safety problems at French nuclear plants resulted in Britain becoming a net exporter of electricity to the Continent for the first time in more than a decade.
Renewable power sources generated in excess of 40 per cent of Britain’s electricity needs for the first time as both wind and solar output increased, according to the analysis by Imperial College London for Drax Electric Insights and seen by The Times.”
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“The analysis also shows the continued sharp growth of green power in Britain’s electricity mix. Wind farms generated a record 28 per cent of the country’s needs this year, up from 23 per cent last year. Solar generation increased to 5 per cent this year, from essentially zero a decade earlier.
Will Gardiner, chief executive of Drax, which is lobbying for government support to build a pumped storage hydroelectric plant and fit its biomass plant with carbon-capture technology, said: “We can accelerate and strengthen Britain’s long-term energy security by ending our reliance on expensive, imported fossil fuels and instead increase investment in homegrown renewables, and innovative green technologies such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage and pumped storage hydro.””
Times
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Dec 29, 2022 20:07:06 GMT
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Dec 30, 2022 1:33:33 GMT
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Danny
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Post by Danny on Jan 3, 2023 12:45:00 GMT
Surely if fuel companies have as instructed by government purchased fuel a year ahead on futures contracts at the high prices recently in place, then it will be at least a year befoe we benefit from any falling prices? Although the banks will be minting money at the expense of Uk voters.
Mismanagement of the energy market will have resulted in small but highly competitive comanies driven out of business leaving the rest to hike prices. massive windfall profits for energy companies. Massive windfall profits for banks. Decline of UK international competitiveness because of our higher costs.
So generally a win for government policy aim to boost big business profits.
Meanwhile we are issuing contracts to build expensive nuclear generating plant which cannot start generating for ten years and will prevent the Uk benefitting from cheap renewable energy. And trying to encourage Rolls Royce to use its nuclear power plant technology designed for naval ships to built small scale nuclear generating plant. Again, ships dont use nuclear power because its cheap, but because it avoids having to refuel, very useful in a warship and especially useful in a submarine which needs to stay underwater for maybe months. This isnt actually different to how the first land based reactors began in the US, as spinoffs from their naval warship propulsion system industry.
No one seems to talk about the obvious way the Uk could halve its power consumption, cutting is always the greenest thing to do rather than switching sources. Simple...halve the population! We dont need to do anything dramatic like legal restrictions on family size, just policies to discourage and prevent immigration and discourage births, remove subsidies on children. It would be relatively easy to put the Uk population on a falling trajectory, except that all governments believe the reverse is essential. Odd when supposedly we left the EU to cut immigration, and yet we havnt introduced measures to do so.
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 3, 2023 16:15:14 GMT
Just been looking at the spot prices for gas and oil, yes I know that these are not the prices paid in long term contracts, however they are at or just below the prices they were this time last year. A few questions for those of you who understand theses things: If the prices remain at this level, how long before this passes through to the longer contracts, summer or next winter? Also as we are now well into the heating season and, I think, I saw reports that mainland Europe had about three months supply of gas in storage, have we reached the point at which the demand for gas will start to fall again reducing the upward pressure on the price? If we get through this winter without major disruption to energy supplies, has that shot Putin’s fox of energy dependancy ? If we are free from the dependency on Russian energy and prices fall back that must put Russia in an even more difficult position and could explain the large scale attacks on the energy infrastructure of Ukraine, this might be the only winter in which they have ant strategic hold over the west.? I would urge caution -if analysis from Cornwall Insights and other experts are to be believed :- uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/gas-prices-back-under-levels-105010150.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAABw1imIQsuvx8FgrRFGm64Zk_CMWEIYxVQMdtPZ-jsSkyOdLi-2FKDHpMpBRh4h-QMPQKVKQ9mASWUp5bjavkb9vTOWE_8j-Up_ttshkU-BXX4ZkCkToYrAlZV0imqibNsnsBSXr83ylBQfqLU1cDUkNwV5Wwww.standard.co.uk/business/gas-prices-russia-ukraine-energy-prices-high-decade-b1048500.htmlOn European storage, remember that this winter's stocks included supplies from Russia until July ish of last year. Next winter there won't be any -and the outcome of new supply lines of LNG will be the focus:- www.reuters.com/business/energy/hardest-part-is-yet-come-gas-hoarding-europe-2022-12-19/www.baringa.com/en/insights-news/trending/the-challenge-of-european-gas-supply-in-2023/Moved to the Energy Specific thread. A lot of info, with sources, has been posted on this Issue Specific thread. Thank you to colin for adding more sources. There is one error in the yahoo finance one where they have conflated the EPG and Ofgem Price cap: "The government put together its Energy Price Guarantee in September, which limited the average cost of a UK househould’s energy bill first to £2,500 for 2022 and then from this month to £4,279" £4,279 is the Ofgem 'price cap'. The EPG is now £3,000 with loads of additional 'help' for various households. See previous info and: www.ofgem.gov.uk/publications/latest-energy-price-cap-announced-ofgem |
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 3, 2023 16:19:40 GMT
Cornwall Insights 'predictions' from 12Dec, but gas futures prices have dropped significantly since then (see my Dec 28, 2022 at 4:17pm). For Jan'24 contract* ('peak' for next Winter) the price has dropped by 1/3rd since 12Dec, although close to the prices used for my post on Dec28, 2022. Many factors behind the drop in prices but the generally 'Warm Windig' weather we've seen this Winter will mean quite a lot of storage for this Winter will 'carry over' to next Winter. Other factors such as French nuclear problems, alternative gas supplies, new renewable capacity, etc. and reduced demand were 'expected' but also note Russia is continuing to make supplies to Europe and now expected to continue to do so (much smaller than the past but still sufficient for the markets to also consider that impact on supply/demand and hence price) ? * See: www.barchart.com/futures/quotes/NFF24/overview |
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Post by Danny on Jan 4, 2023 0:56:00 GMT
The biggest factor pushing up prices last year was probably panic buying. Just like the shortage of toilet rolls before covid lockdown. We pushed up the prices by competing to build fuel reserves which we would not normally have done.
Putin was laughing all the way to the bank. He didnt cause a price crisis for the west, we did. just like the entire world recession caused by covid lockdown policies was self inflicted harm.
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 4, 2023 2:52:15 GMT
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 4, 2023 19:35:40 GMT
“ On Wednesday the National Grid reported that a record 87.6pc of Britain’s electricity needs were met by “zero carbon” sources, including wind, hydro-electricity and nuclear power.” Telegraph Non-paywall link:
British Grid Hits Record 88% Zero-Carbon Power Generationwww.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-04/british-grid-hits-record-88-zero-carbon-electricity-generation?srnd=allGreat to be seeing 'warm windig' weather. Small caveat. We're importing quite a lot of electricity at the moment* and that creates a 'carbon accounting' problem. Norway is 'green' but if we import from France/Belgium (who import from Germany) then should that be considered 'zero-carbon' French/Belgium nuclear/zero carbon or 'high carbon' coal sourced coming indirectly from Germany? The issue of burning more coal covered previously. It is cheaper than gas and avoids running down gas storage but IMO we shouldn't be 'indirectly' importing German coal sourced electricity when we have UK coal sources available for the 'temporary' collective needs. * see gridwatch.co.ukand for Europe then zoom in a bit to see the import/export arrows in app.electricitymaps.com/map?wind=true |
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c-a-r-f-r-e-w
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 4, 2023 20:14:50 GMT
“ On Wednesday the National Grid reported that a record 87.6pc of Britain’s electricity needs were met by “zero carbon” sources, including wind, hydro-electricity and nuclear power.” Telegraph Non-paywall link:
British Grid Hits Record 88% Zero-Carbon Power Generationwww.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-04/british-grid-hits-record-88-zero-carbon-electricity-generation?srnd=allGreat to be seeing 'warm windig' weather. Small caveat. We're importing quite a lot of electricity at the moment* and that creates a 'carbon accounting' problem. Norway is 'green' but if we import from France/Belgium (who import from Germany) then should that be considered 'zero-carbon' French/Belgium nuclear/zero carbon or 'high carbon' coal sourced coming indirectly from Germany? The issue of burning more coal covered previously. It is cheaper than gas and avoids running down gas storage but IMO we shouldn't be 'indirectly' importing German coal sourced electricity when we have UK coal sources available for the 'temporary' collective needs. * see gridwatch.co.ukand for Europe then zoom in a bit to see the import/export arrows in app.electricitymaps.com/map?wind=trueYes, looking at Gridwatch now we seem to be generating 67% from wind, nuclear and biomass, while via the interconnectors we are importing a net 16%. (12% coming from France and Belgium. Three percent from the Netherlands - is Netherlands leccy ok?) |
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 4, 2023 21:47:27 GMT
“An energy storage start-up is seeking to raise up to £40 million to advance its plans to store hydrogen in underground rock shafts.
Gravitricity is aiming to build a prototype within two years and claims that eventually it could build hundreds of its “FlexiStore” facilities around Britain to enable the storage of the clean-burning gas.
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However, as interest in the role of hydrogen in decarbonisation has grown, the company has expanded into hydrogen storage. It plans to bore rock shafts 365m deep and 6m wide and to line them with steel to securely store the gas. Each shaft could hold 100 tonnes of hydrogen, enough to refuel 1,000 heavy goods vehicles, and could be filled using the typical daily output of a 460-megawatt offshore wind farm.
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Blair said its planned hydrogen stores could hold bigger volumes than could feasibly be stored safely above ground. “Explosive risk is a real thing with hydrogen,” he said. “That’s one of the really big advantages of going underground: it is very difficult for oxygen to get in, so you can’t get an explosive mix.””
Times
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 4, 2023 23:12:47 GMT
Yes, looking at Gridwatch now we seem to be generating 67% from wind, nuclear and biomass, while via the interconnectors we are importing a net 16%. (12% coming from France and Belgium. Three percent from the Netherlands - is Netherlands leccy ok?) Depends on the carbon accounting. UK is 'greener' than Netherlands but Netherlands (like all countries) has a mix of electricity generation (and trade with other countries). IMO 'trade' should consider the 'marginal' electricity being exported. When UK exports it is usually due to 'excess wind' but given a lot of rEurope is burning a lot more coal then the 'marginal' electricity being imported is arguably the most carbon intensive electricity and the 'carbon accounting' (and UK based decisions) should reflect that (ie if we're effectively indirectly importing coal sourced electricity rather than make/buy/sell it in Britain then we're back to the issue of 'exporting jobs' only to import a higher global carbon footprint) app.electricitymaps.com/zone/NL |
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c-a-r-f-r-e-w
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 5, 2023 16:51:43 GMT
Germany to build hydrogen power plants amid Russian gas crunch
Germany has inked a deal to build new hydrogen power plants as Europe continues to wean itself off Russian gas.
“Energy giant RWE has agreed with Norwegian rival Equinor to make joint investments in hydrogen-ready gas-fired power plants in Germany, which will have a total capacity of 3 gigawatts by 2030.
The agreement also includes the construction of a pipeline to carry hydrogen from Norway to Germany.
The two companies said the partnership will help to ramp up hydrogen use in Germany and across the EU while strengthening energy security as the Kremlin continues to cut gas supplies to the continent.”
Telegraph
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c-a-r-f-r-e-w
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 5, 2023 20:34:30 GMT
Was on about using hydrogen from electrolysis powered by wind and carbon from the atmosphere to make synthetic hydrocarbons a while back - the Telegraph have Porsche’s take on it:
“Two years after it was announced, Porsche and its partners have switched on a pilot version of their Chilean e-fuels plant and started to create the controversial “clean” fuel for combustion engines.
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“Porsche is committed to a double-e path: e-mobility [battery electric] and e-fuels as a complementary technology – using e-fuels reduces emissions,” said Barbara Frenkel, Porsche’s director for procurement.
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Porsche estimates that when the fuel is in mass production in or around 2026, the price per litre at today’s costs would be about $2 (£1.65), perhaps a bit lower.
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The fuel starts life as the wind driving wind turbines constructed in the Magallanes Province on the extreme south of Chile’s 2,700-mile length, where the wind blows hard (some sites have average wind speeds of well over 22mph) and frequently (more than 6,000 hours in a year).
The resulting renewable electricity is used to electrolyse water into oxygen and hydrogen with electrolysers from Siemens Energy. The “green” hydrogen is then combined with carbon dioxide captured from the atmosphere to form synthetic methanol. Consisting of four parts hydrogen, one part oxygen and one part carbon, methanol is seen as an excellent hydrogen carrier. This process would be done with an MAN-supplied methanol synthesis reactor based on a Johnson Matthey design.
The methanol is converted into synthetic pump fuel using a methanol-to-gasoline process by Exxon Mobil’s fluid-bed methanol-to-liquid-fuel process, in which methanol feedstock is vapourised and superheated through a series of heat exchangers then fed into the fluid-bed reactor for conversion into hydrocarbons and water. The heat required is partly provided from heat generated in other parts of the production process such as the electrolysers. The resulting fuel will then be shipped to Europe.”
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Post by leftieliberal on Jan 5, 2023 21:01:09 GMT
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Post by Deleted on Jan 6, 2023 8:51:29 GMT
We are pissing in the wind. |
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Danny
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Post by Danny on Jan 6, 2023 9:12:21 GMT
Was on about using hydrogen from electrolysis powered by wind and carbon from the atmosphere to make synthetic hydrocarbons a while back - the Telegraph have Porsche’s take on it: We just saw what happens when demand for energy meets shortage of fossil fuel. We moved back to fossil, and suffered a huge economic hit. I dont believe electric vehicles are doing very well and come the deadlines for ending manufacture of FF vehicles, there will still be more FF in use than electric and infrastructure for electric still inadequate. Also may be real supply problems for raw materials for batteries etc, what with China monopolising the world supply and Russia seeking to control the European reserves in Ukraine. I can see us reverting to FF vehicles. Its not at all obvious to me that using wind to create fuel is going to be less efficient than using it to charge batteries. The big purchase cost of electric vehicles is really a reflection of inefficiencies in their energy use. Manufacturing cost implies energy usage in production. |
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Danny
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Post by Danny on Jan 6, 2023 9:18:54 GMT
We are pissing in the wind. It might be time to revisit the fundamental assumption behind trying to end use of fossil fuels. R4 just suggested the advent of fracking caused a step change downwards in gas prices and therefore undermined again the financial benefits of renewables. Usage of gas has soared and since the world population is rising, demand for energy the cheapest way possible is always growing too. China has stuck with a policy of exploring renewables but not switching to the technology unless it can do so financially neutrally or cheaper. So...since we will not meet targets for halting global warming, what steps will we need to take to mitigate the consequences? |
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 6, 2023 19:17:34 GMT
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c-a-r-f-r-e-w
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 6, 2023 19:22:52 GMT
Was on about using hydrogen from electrolysis powered by wind and carbon from the atmosphere to make synthetic hydrocarbons a while back - the Telegraph have Porsche’s take on it: and come the deadlines for ending manufacture of FF vehicles, there will still be more FF in use than electric and infrastructure for electric still inadequate. Porsche think similarly: “ He also says that with 1.3 billion combustion-engined vehicles in the world with a life of 10 to 20 years, “we need to find ways to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from this fleet”.
There are also concerns for certain parts of the motorcycle market, particularly touring and adventure machines, where battery technology is incapable of replacing combustion engines while retaining a practical capability.” |
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Post by c-a-r-f-r-e-w on Jan 6, 2023 21:28:44 GMT
Wind supplied over a quarter of Britain’s electricity for the first time ever last year, highlighting the rapid growth of the energy source.
‘New figures from National Grid show wind was the second largest source of electricity over 2022, supplying 26.8pc. It represents a gain of five percentage points compared to 2021.
During the windiest month, February, turbines generated 41.4pc of national supply. Meanwhile, a windy day on December 30 saw turbines’ output hit 20.918 gigawatts – the most Britain’s growing fleet has managed so far.
Wind now accounts for a greater proportion of Britain’s electricity mix than nuclear, after two large nuclear plants shut down over the year.
Turbine-generated electricity was second only to gas as a source last year, which generated 38.5pc of the mix.
The figures highlight the huge change in the electricity mix over the last decade, provoked first by a push to cut carbon emissions and accelerated by Russia’s throttling of gas supplies to the West.
As recently as 2012, coal produced 40pc of the UK’s electricity and wind accounted for just 5.5pc.”
Telegraph
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Post by lens on Jan 7, 2023 1:36:17 GMT
Was on about using hydrogen from electrolysis powered by wind and carbon from the atmosphere to make synthetic hydrocarbons a while back - the Telegraph have Porsche’s take on it: We just saw what happens when demand for energy meets shortage of fossil fuel. We moved back to fossil, and suffered a huge economic hit. I dont believe electric vehicles are doing very well and come the deadlines for ending manufacture of FF vehicles, there will still be more FF in use than electric and infrastructure for electric still inadequate. Also may be real supply problems for raw materials for batteries etc, what with China monopolising the world supply and Russia seeking to control the European reserves in Ukraine. You "don't believe electric vehicles are doing very well"!!? Not the impression where I am, where yet another friend has just bought himself a BEV (Tesla). And seems very happy with it. What is notable is that he bought a three year old one, so not as expensive as new although they do seem to be holding their value pretty well. And that is something likely to continue. Already new prices are becoming in line with prices for new (comparable) ICE vehicles - and the trend is for newer BEV models to be competing more and more with lower priced ICE cars. True - you can't buy a very cheap BEV of say 10 years old to compete with a cheap 10 year old ICE car. But that's only because BEV sales only really took off about 3-4 years ago! It'll change naturally with time. And in 10 years time, then why should BEV infrastructure be inadequate? As more and more BEVs come onto the roads, then isn't it logical to expect the infrastructure to organically improve to meet the challenge!? As for raw meaterials, then you are repeating a fallacy about availability. There are currently shortages - but they are not inherent - it's a question of ramping up mining of necessary minerals, and likewise ramping up battery manufacturing capacity. And both *are* ramping quickly - but it takes time. If there is a problem it's of hugely expanding demand still outstripping supply - even though the latter has been expanding pretty quick itself! And the main materials needed for batteries are NOT particularly rare and confined to limited places. You are confusing materials for batteries with minerals which ARE rare - but used widely in electronics, by no means limited to battery cars. I can see us reverting to FF vehicles. Its not at all obvious to me that using wind to create fuel is going to be less efficient than using it to charge batteries. The big purchase cost of electric vehicles is really a reflection of inefficiencies in their energy use. Manufacturing cost implies energy usage in production. Danny, that's a ridiculous statement. Use wind and it produces electricity. Put that into a battery and a very high percentage of it is available to the motors. Use the same electricity to produce hydrogen, compress, then use in a fuel cell and like for like you get about a third the mileage. Use the same hydrogen in an internal combustion engine and the efficiency drops even further. But use the hydrogen with even *more* energy input to produce a synfuel for use in a combustion engine, and the amount of energy you need to start with is hugely more than just using wind produced electricity to charge a battery. (It *MAY* have merit for an application like aviation when only liquid fuel is viable, but it would be grossly inefficient for cars.) As for manufacturing, then the main reason BEVs have been relatively expensive up to now is far more down to that they have been competing with the higher end of the market. Something Musk got absolutely right with Tesla was to start at the top and work down - previous attempts (eg the Leaf) had done the opposite. The original Roadster was hugely expensive - but gave a no-compromise performance which sold it. To a certain extent, same with the S and X - expensive, but matching similarly expensive ICE cars. And so now to the 3 and Y (similar with other manufacturers). My friend has sold his 11 year old Mercedes to buy his 3 year old Tesla, and considers them in the same vein. Expect BEVs to continue the process, challenging cheaper and cheaper models in the ICE ranges as time goes on. It takes a lot of energy to produce the material for ANY car - ICE or BEV - any extra for the latter is dwarfed by the amount saved over it's running lifetime. And you seem to be thinking solely of energy issues, together maybe with CO2? The whole impetus behind hydrogen and fuel cells 20 or more years ago was little to do with such - far more towards cleaning up tailpipe exhausts. That zero emission can now be better achieved via battery than hydrogen is a sign of how technology has changed in those 20 years. But it's key to move eventually towards zero tailpipe emissions. (If you're in any doubt, move to London and become acquainted with the ULEZ debate!) The idea of using wind to generate electricity, to (inefficiently) produce synfuel, to burn in a combustion engine which emits such as NOx is really, really not a good idea! |
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 8, 2023 18:40:17 GMT
Longer dated contracts have also dropped significantly and are more important for 'new' hedging and the ££ taxpayer cost of the EPG (Energy Price Guarantee). At current futures prices, the Ofgem Energy Price Cap for late'23 - Apr'24 would be below the EPG of £3,000 for that period*, adjusted for a 10%ish drop in 'typical household' demand. As well as good news for the public finances then the 'delayed' inflation impact of the EPG would also fall away and BoE should notice that (although Sonia futures prices still price in a further 1% hike in rates). * Which should mean Hunt can announce it is no longer needed and will have quite a chunk of change left over from the OBR et al estimate of the cost. Energy prices have continued to drop since 28Dec and Cornwall Insights' latest Ofgem price cap forecast is now below the EPG for Q3+Q4 2023 which should mean Hunt can scrap the EPG later this year and find he has quite a bit of cash down the back of the sofa (compared to various predictions made in Autumn 2022). 'One-off' bonuses for NHS workers to end the strikes perhaps?? |
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Mr Poppy
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Post by Mr Poppy on Jan 10, 2023 15:03:33 GMT
We're starting to get 'official' recognition that the 'warm windig' weather* we've generally had this Winter will mean storage levels stay high into the Spring and hence able to be refilled from a higher starting point for next Winter.
German gas storage operators optimistic for next winter
www.reuters.com/business/energy/german-gas-storage-operators-optimistic-next-winter-2023-01-10/Market participants, and those who understand the issues, had worked that out a while ago which is the reason why forward prices (which can be used for hedging) have dropped so much. My only concern would be that the lower gas prices reduce the urgency to increase renewable and zero carbon energy investments. I hope+expect Germany (and others, but not UK) increased use of coal is at least 'temporary' and that they can 'retrofit' LNG terminals to take hydrogen. For UK then we need to ensure our own Energy Security is well over 100% and not rely so much on imported LNG from Qatar/US - in time retrofitting our LNG infrastructure for hydrogen exports to help out our good friends in rEurope. * Other factors as well but plenty of previous posts and analysis from various sources showing the biggest factor is the weather. |
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Post by lens on Jan 10, 2023 15:37:47 GMT
We have spoken about liquid air storage previously - interesting article in yesterday's Telegraph with news that it may be reaching commercial status within two years. Link may be paywalled, but www.telegraph.co.uk/business/2023/01/08/how-liquid-air-could-solve-uks-energy-conundrum/It may not have the efficiency or flexibility of battery storage, but is cheaper per kWh, made from straightforward materials and is easily scaleable. At the same time, for grid storage, is more efficient than hydrogen and cheaper to implement. In particular, in generation mode it only needs simple compressed air turbines. For grid generation levels, fuel cells aren't viable - you need to burn the hydrogen in a coventional gas generation plant. Bringing the efficiency down even more, and with more expensive equipment than a compressed air turbine. And vastly intrinsically safer than hydrogen! Any leak is just...... air! |
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Post by leftieliberal on Jan 12, 2023 10:16:28 GMT
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Post by leftieliberal on Jan 13, 2023 10:46:53 GMT
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Post by John Chanin on Jan 13, 2023 12:42:44 GMT
Oil companies employed marine geologists and palaeoclimatologists in order to search effectively for oil and gas. They were generally in separate research sections, and being academics were at the leading edge of climate research. So it's not surprising that they were in line with other climate scientists at the time, with who they interacted. Of course the people that actually ran the oil companies weren't interested in any of that. They just wanted to know where the oil was. |
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